Bacteria exist in all forms of life. Some are harmful, such as blue green algae, and some are helpful. Regardless of their actions and results bacteria is a necessary part of life on this planet. Ponds, Lakes or any body of water survives naturally with bacteria playing a large role in balancing the waters chemistry.
Normally, these bacteria's survive and thrive in the soil and water column in sufficient numbers to do the job. However, with mans influence these bodies of water are often overrun with nutrients and pollution that would not normally exist. Storm sewer systems, fertilizers, car washes, illegal dumping, leaking cars, trash and a host of other disgusting problems plaque every body of water in an urban and suburban setting. Simply stated the water bodies ability to heal itself is overrun by storm water runoff.
The addition of beneficial bacteria boosts the water bodies defenses, just like an antibiotic for an infection, allowing it to recover and heal naturally. These bacteria's are naturally occurring soil bacteria's and do not pose a threat to plant or wildlife.
They do not kill algae, only limit its food supply in a natural way.